PEOPLE of MODERN WORLD HISTORY
|
founder of Judaism - made covenant with God - his people would get Canaan
if they followed God |
||||
|
name for the ancient Jewish people |
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
founder of Christianity - according to Christians he's the messiah or
savior sent by God |
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
Islam name for God |
||||
|
founder of Islam |
||||
|
a follower of Islam |
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
Indian prince; became enlightened and then founded Buddhism. |
||||
|
means Enlightened
one; nickname of Gautama. |
||||
|
an Indian ruler who converted to Buddhism and spread
Buddhism throughout eastern |
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
Muslims from Asia
Minor that spread their empire into Balkan
Peninsula, Middle East,
and |
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
Renaissance artist - painted Sistine
Chapel and sculpted la Pieta
and David |
||||
|
Renaissance artist - painted Mona
Lisa and the Last
Supper |
||||
|
Northern Renaissance playwright; used history in his plays; wrote many sonnets. |
||||
|
invented the printing
press; helped Renaissance ideas spread |
||||
|
most famous humanist
- believed all people should be educated, etc - disliked corruption
in Catholic Church |
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
English critic of church; created first hand-written English version of
Bible |
||||
|
Early critic of Catholic Church abuses; burned at stake in
1415 |
||||
|
Pope (Leo X) |
head of the Roman Catholic Church (Leo X was Pope at time of
Reformation) |
|||
|
leader of the Protestant Reformation, nailed up 95
Theses on door
in Wittenberg, |
||||
|
founder of Calvinism - God predestines
certain people to go to heaven |
||||
|
broke away from the Catholic Church because it wouldn't let him get a
divorce; headed national Church of England; sold Roman Catholic Church
lands in |
||||
|
combined Catholic styles and Protestant ideas in the Anglican Church;
made Anglican church national church of all of Great Britain; showed tolerance for dissenters; Expansion and colonialism (Raleigh and Roanoke
Island, “The
Lost Colony”); Victory over the Spanish
Armada (1588) |
||||
|
Rulers of Holy
Roman Empire who supported Roman Catholic Church during the
Reformation. Went to war against Protestant princes from |
||||
|
Ignatius (Jesuits) |
started the Jesuits
- went all over the world starting Catholic schools |
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
Muslims from Asia
Minor that spread their empire into Balkan
Peninsula, Middle East,
and |
||||
|
Muslim rulers of Northern
India. Built Taj
Mahal. Traded
textiles with Europeans. Eventually |
||||
|
Advanced Native American culture that lived in present day Mexico on
the Yucatan Peninsula;
built large
pyramids used for religion and government purposes; Known for corn
(maize) as well |
||||
|
Advanced Native American culture that lived on the Pacific
coast in present day South America (Chili, Peru); Lived in the
Andes mountains; well known for advanced road building,
suspension rope bridges,
and potatoes;
Conquered by Pizarro and virtually wiped out by 1531 |
||||
|
Native American tribe
in Mexico that was defeated by Cortez; Well known for human
sacrifices and for gold. Hated by surrounding tribes, many tribes joined
Cortez in defeating the Aztecs; Most famous ruler was Montezuma. |
||||
|
prince of |
||||
|
sailed for |
||||
|
sailed for |
||||
|
a conquistador; conquered
the Aztecs of Mexico (their leader was Montezuma) and created a Spanish
colony |
||||
|
a conquistador; conquered the Incas of Peru
and created a Spanish colony |
||||
|
sailed for |
||||
|
sailed
for |
||||
|
sailed for |
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
absolute monarch of France - known as the Sun King b/c he brought a
great culture to France - also caused problems by only taxing the poor and by
doing away with the Edict
of Nantes - built Palace
of Versailles as a symbol of his royal power; eyewitness to being
around King Louis XIV |
||||
|
nickname of Louis XIV |
||||
|
absolute ruler of Prussia
- made |
||||
|
an absolute ruler of |
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
Polish - first person to state that the earth went around the sun -
kept ideas to himself b/c he feared the church; his theory is called HELIOCENTRIC. |
||||
|
German ( |
||||
|
English - discovered that blood circulates through
the body |
||||
|
Italian - used
telescope to prove Copernicus right - Catholic
Church declared him a heretic |
||||
|
English - developed calculus and the laws of
gravity |
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
French - writer who believed in freedom of speech, religion, and press
- he criticized the church and gov't; supported separation of church
and state; Voltaire was known for great quotations: “Those who can make
you believe absurdities can make you commit atrocities” and “I disapprove of
what you say but I will defend to the death your right to say it!” |
||||
|
Austrian - classical composer (listen to his music)
- began composing at age 5 (most famous piece: The Marriage of Figaro) |
||||
|
Baroque composer of the
Enlightenment (most famous piece: Minuet
in G Major) |
||||
|
English - argued that man should be sovereign (rule) and consent to
government for protection of natural rights to life, liberty, and property
- wrote Two
Treatises on Government - people can be trusted to govern themselves
- democracy |
||||
|
French - wrote Spirit of the
Laws - believed that government should have separation
of powers |
||||
|
also wrote Social
Contract with the idea that government is a contract between rulers
and people - government should reflect what the people want |
||||
|
English - Humans exist in a primitive “state of nature” and consent to government
for self-protection; wrote Leviathan
- without absolute monarch there will be chaos |
||||
|
American - wrote Declaration of
Independence - said all men created equal; used many ideas from Locke |
||||
|
French – Romantic
School painter, painted Liberty
Leading the People - also painted nature scenes |
||||
|
Spanish novelist; wrote first novel, Don Quixote; famous scene: When Don
Quixote fights a windmill |
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
Revolutions: |
||
|
English King 1625-1649. After ignoring Parliament's Petition of Right,
Tried to rule |
||
|
military leader of Parliamentary forces against Charles I; Executes
Charles I in 1649 and then rules |
||
|
restored as English King after Cromwell's death—“The
Restoration”; ruled 1660-1685 |
||
|
English King 1685-1688; told Parliament he ruled by "divine
right"; ignores laws like Habeas Corpus (right to know why you are
arrested)--Parliament overthrows him and gives throne to William and Mary;
James II flees to |
||
|
new rulers of |
||
|
|
|
|
|
Revolutions: |
||
|
name for the poor and middle class in |
||
|
weak ruler; beheaded by the Third Estate; Wife: Marie Antoinette (also
beheaded): |
||
|
became the military dictator of |
||
|
|
|
|
|
Revolutions: |
||
|
Haitian former slave who started a revolt against the French in Haiti. The rebel
Haitians defeated the French and in 1804 |
||
|
called the "Liberator," he devoted his life to freedom for
Latin America from |
||
|
Started Mexican
independence movement |
||
|
Issued “Monroe Doctrine” which
gave |
||
|
Revolutions |
||
|
Restored as King of France
after defeat of Napoleon |
||
|
|
|
|
|
Revolutions |
||
|
used guerrilla warfare to conquer the southern part of |
||
|
advisor to King Victor Emmanuel of Sardinia; he worked to unify the northern
part of Italy; Garibaldi united the southern part of |
||
|
Prime Minister of |
||
|
|
|
|
|
invented cotton
gin to clean cotton faster; made need for slaves grow because they needed
to pick
more cotton now; price of cotton falls dramatically—demand grows |
||
|
invented the steam engine;
now work could be done by machines instead of human power. |
||
|
invented cheap & easy way to make steel (“Bessemer
Process”); now machines could be made stronger and resistant to
fire |
||
|
made world's first vaccination - small pox |
|
|
discovered germs/bacteria;
showed that they caused disease and that they could be killed |
|
|
|
|
|
believed in free market capitalism; wrote Wealth of Nations;
influenced the |
|
|
believed in Socialism; wrote Communist
Manifesto (with Friedrich Engels); wanted proletariat to
rise up and revolt all over the world (the Communist Revolution) |
|
|
co-authored Communist Manifesto |
|
|
|
|
|
American naval commander who in 1853 sailed
to Japan and forced the Japanese to sign a trade agreement with the |
|
|
Chinese rebels who fight
against European spheres
of influence – (imperialism); known as Boxer Rebellion |
|
|
|
|
|
heir to throne of Austria-Hungary; assassinated by
Serbian nationalist who wanted Bosnia - which was controlled by A-H - to
be controlled by Serbia instead since the people in Bosnia were Serbs; this
was the "spark" that started WWI. |
|
|
Ruler of |
|
|
Radical group of Russian peasants led by
Lenin; overthrew Russian gov't (coup d'etat) in 1917.
socialists/communists; wanted everything to be owned by the people; nickname
was the "Reds"; after taking power they had to fight a civil war
against the "Whites" |
|
|
Russian communist; wanted to spread communism all over the world; led
the Bolsheviks; took over Russian government in a coup d'etat;
became leader of |
|
|
leader of |
|
|
|
|
|
Soldier in German Army (click on Hitler’s
name to read story of his World War I experience) |
|
|
Manfred von Richthofen—German fighter pilot; top flying ace of World
War I—shot down 80 enemy planes; READ
on-line edition of Manfred von Richthofen's 1917 book “The Red Fighter Pilot” (Der
Rote Kampfflieger); read “How the Red Baron became
the Dead Baron”; another online book to consider is “Fighting the Flying Circus”
(the Red Baron’s unit) by Eddie Rickenbacker, the top U.S. flying ace;
Rickenbacker had been a race car driver before the war |
|
|
|
|
|
Totalitarian leader of Germany; head of the Nazi Party;
rebuilt German nationalism after their WWI defeat; rebuilt German army;
fixed German economy; took away rights - especially of Jews (anti-Jew =
anti-Semitism); wanted
to extend
its empire by taking over more of Europe; commits
suicide in 1945 |
||
|
Totalitarian leader of Italy; head of the Fascist
Party (followers called Black Shirts); rebuilt
Italian nationalism after WWI; built Italian army; fixed Italian economy;
took away rights; made Italy powerful and proud; wanted to extend its
empire by taking over Ethiopia;
killed
by own people |
||
|
Totalitarian leader of Soviet
Union; head of the Communist Party; attempted to industrialize
economy with 5-year plans
and collectivization
- government owned all farms; killed 20 million Soviets that disagreed with
him (called Great Purge)
and did away with religion (atheism); used secret police
to find out who his enemies were; made Soviet Union powerful and proud;
wanted to extend its empire by moving into Eastern
Europe |
||
|
Totalitarian leader of Japan; head of the Japanese military;
(Hirohito was the emperor but was weak) built up Japanese nationalism;
built up Japanese military; improved Japanese economy by building industry;
took away rights; made Japan powerful and proud; wanted to extend
its empire by taking over China, Korea, and Manchuria; Orders attack on Pearl Harbor; executed
by United States |
||
|
Emperor of |
||
|
|
|
|
|
Franklin D Roosevelt (FDR) |
US pres. during most of WWII; famous Pearl Harbor Speech |
|
|
|
||
|
|
||
|
US general in the Pacific;
after war he rules
Japan for the US & helps them create
a constitution; know for distinctive pipe and hat;
When beat by Japanese in Philippines (1942), famously says “I will return”
and did (famous
picture of event); Eyewitness
accounts of World War II |
||
|
British Prime Minister - encourages his country to stand up to Hitler;
known for great
speeches and cigars |
||
|
US
General - his plan helps
rebuild |
||
|
France, US, |
||
|
Germany,
Italy, Japan and others that fought against the Allies. |
||
|
|
|
|
|
U.S. President 1945-53; develops “containment
policy” to stop spread of communism—“Truman Doctrine” says
U.S. will help “free peoples” fighting communist takeover; send U.S. troops
to Korea (led by General
MacArthur) to stop communists |
||
|
Gives famous “Iron
Curtain” speech after Stalin’s takeover of |
||
|
|
||
|
Last president of |
||
|
Closer relationship between
|
||
|
British Prime Minister; opposed
Soviet communism – “Iron Lady”; free trade and less government regulation of
business; close relationship with United States and U.S. foreign policy; asserted
United Kingdom’s military power (Falkland Islands); Reagan
and Thatcher shared the same small government and were best of friends |
||
|
Reformed
communist economy to market economy leading to rapid economic growth;
Communist control of government continued |
||
|
|
|
|
|
Mao Zedong (Tse-Tung) |
led communist
revolution in |
|
|
led Chinese
nationalists against Mao - lost & formed country of Taiwan |
||
|
led communist takeover of Vietnam |
||
|
|
|
|
|
led passive resistance (and civil disobedience) against British in |
||
|
led violent fight against British for Kenyan independence - called Mau
Mau uprising |
||
|
a close
associate of Gandhi, supported western style industrialization |
||
|
President of |
||
|
Prime Minister of |
||
|
Led struggle against apartheid;
became the first black President of the |
||
